32 research outputs found

    Die Rolle der Ökonomik in der Wissenschaftsphilosophie: Eine kritische Würdigung aus Sicht der Economics of Scientific Knowledge und eine Agentenbasierte Modellierung zur Konsensbildung mit eingeschränkt rationalen, adaptiv handelnden heterogenen Akteuren

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    Die Dissertation wendet sich insbesondere der Rolle der Ökonomik auf der Metaebene der wissenschaftsphilosophischen Argumentation zu. Ziel ist zu klären, welchen Erklärungsgehalt ökonomische Instrumente in der Wissenschaftsphilosophie haben können. Mit der Economics of Scientific Knowledge (ESK) hat sich seit Mitte der 1990er Jahre ein Literaturzweig herausgebildet, in dem genau diese Zielsetzung verfolgt wird, nämlich das Erkenntnisobjekt der wissenschaftlichen Koordination mit unterschiedlichen Methoden und Instrumenten der Ökonomik zu untersuchen. Es wird gezeigt, dass den analytischen Modellen der ESK einige Probleme inhärent sind, die prinzipiell durch neue Methoden und Instrumente gelöst werden können. Als ein geeigneter Kandidat wird die Agentenbasierte Modellierung (ABM) identifiziert, die eine realitätsnähere Abbildung der Akteure, eine ergebnisoffene Modellierung ihrer Entscheidungen und des Koordinationsprozesses erlaubt. Der Analyse von der ESK zuzuordnenden analytischen und agentenbasierten Modellen folgt im zweiten Teil der Dissertation die Programmierung einer eigenen ABM Continuous Opinions of Satisficing Agents and Discrete Actions (COSDA) mit Hilfe der Multi-Agenten-Programmiersprache NetLogo. In der heuristischen ABM COSDA werden zentrale wissenschaftsphilosophische und ökonomische Prämissen, die im ersten Teil der Arbeit als Problemfelder identifiziert wurden, aufgegeben. Mit Modellierung heterogener Agententypen, die - mit unterschiedlichen Präferenzen und Verhaltensheuristiken ausgestattet - miteinander interagieren, wird eine mögliche Mikrospezifikation für die Emergenz eines Makrophänomens erzeugt. Das Makrophänomen, d.h. die unterschiedlichen Resultate im wissenschaftlichen Koordinationsprozess, sind aus den selbstverstärkenden Effekten der Interaktion erklärbar, aber nicht vorhersehbar. Die Mikrospezifikation kann als relevante, durch eine kohärente Fiktion formulierte Möglichkeit interpretiert werden, die anders als analytische Modelle der ESK kein rationales Entscheidungskalkül der Agenten voraussetzt

    Foundations in Wisconsin: A Directory [27th ed. 2008]

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    The 2008 release of Foundations in Wisconsin marks the 27th edition of the print directory and the 8th year of the online version (www.wifoundations.org). The directory is designed as a research tool for grantseekers interested in locating information on private, corporate, and community foundations registered in Wisconsin. Each entry in this new edition has been updated or reviewed to provide the most current information available. Most of the data was drawn from IRS 990-PF tax returns filed by the foundations. However, additional information was obtained from surveys, foundation Web sites, annual reports, and newsletters. Wisconsin foundations have shown continued growth in key areas. The number of active grantmaking foundations has risen to an all-time high of 1,275, with 70 new foundations identified since last year’s publication. While the total grants remained stable at 475million,thetotalassetsincreasedby16.5475 million, the total assets increased by 16.5% to 7.2 billion.https://epublications.marquette.edu/lib_fiw/1002/thumbnail.jp

    Foundations in Wisconsin: A Directory [29th ed. 2010]

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    The 2010 production of Foundations in Wisconsin marks the 29th edition of the print directory and the 10th anniversary of the online version (www.wifoundations.org). The directory is designed as a research tool for grantseekers interested in locating information on private, corporate, and community foundations registered in Wisconsin. Each entry in this new edition has been updated or reviewed to provide the most current information available. Most of the data was drawn from IRS 990-PF tax returns filed by the foundations. Additional information was obtained from surveys, foundation Web sites, annual reports, and newsletters. The nation’s economic downturn continued to have a negative effect on Wisconsin foundations. While the total number of active grantmaking foundations increased to a record high 1,314 (with 123 new foundations identified), the total grants and assets declined to pre-2007 amounts. Total grants decreased by 7% to $473 million, total assets decreased by 18% to 5.6 billion.https://epublications.marquette.edu/lib_fiw/1001/thumbnail.jp

    Covid-19 im Strafvollzug : Bewältigung der Pandemie im Schweizer Freiheitsentzug

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    Die Bekämpfung der Covid-19-Pandemie in Gefängnissen stellte eine große Herausforderung dar. Die Möglichkeiten des social distancing sind begrenzt, viele Insassinnen und Insassen zählen zur vulnerablen Gruppe, und auf das Personal kann nicht verzichtet werden. Weltweit wird aus den Gefängnissen von einer enormen Übersterblickeit berichtet. Für die Schweizer Gefängnisse traf dies nicht zu. Hier konnte die Covid-19-Pandemie gut bewältigt werden. Im Buch werden Ergebnisse aus einer schweizweiten Studie in Gefängnissen zum Umgang und der Bewältigung der Pandemie vorgestellt

    Foundations in Wisconsin: A Directory [28th ed. 2009]

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    The 2009 edition of Foundations in Wisconsin marks the 28th production of the print directory and the 9th year of the online version. The directory is designed as a research tool for grantseekers interested in locating information on private, corporate, and community foundations registered in Wisconsin. Each entry in this new edition has been updated or reviewed to provide the most current information available. Most of the data was drawn from IRS 990-PF tax returns filed by the foundations. However, additional information was obtained from surveys, foundation Web sites, annual reports, and newsletters. Wisconsin foundations have continued to grow in key areas even with the economic downturn. Active grantmaking foundations now number 1,286, with 54 new foundations identified. Total grants increased to an all-time high of 507million,a7507 million, a 7% increase over last year. Not surprisingly though, the depressed economy did affect the total assets which decreased by 6% to 6.8 billion.https://epublications.marquette.edu/lib_fiw/1000/thumbnail.jp

    Continuous Catalytic Hydrodeoxygenation of Guaiacol over Pt/SiO<sub>2</sub> and Pt/H-MFI-90

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    Hydrodeoxygenation of guaiacol in the presence of 1-octanol was studied in a fixed-bed reactor under mild conditions (50–250 °C) over platinum particles supported on silica (Pt/SiO2) and a zeolite with framework type MFI at a Si/Al-ratio of 45 (Pt/H-MFI-90). The deoxygenation selectivity strongly depended on the support and the temperature. Both guaiacol and octanol were rapidly deoxygenated in the presence of hydrogen over Pt/H-MFI-90 at 250 °C to cyclohexane and octane, respectively. In contrast, Pt/SiO2 mostly showed hydrogenation, but hardly any deoxygenation activity. The acidic sites of the MFI-90 support lead to improved deoxygenation performance at the mild temperature conditions of this study. Significant conversions under reaction conditions applied already occurred at temperatures of 200 °C. However, during long-term stability tests, the Pt/H-MFI-90 catalyst deactivated after more than 30 h, probably due to carbon deposition, whereas Pt/SiO2 was more stable. The catalytic activity of the zeolite catalyst could only partly be regained by calcination in air, as some of the acidic sites were lost

    Effects of HIF-1 inhibition by chetomin on hypoxia-related transcription and radiosensitivity in HT 1080 human fibrosarcoma cells

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    <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) overexpression has been linked to tumor progression and poor prognosis. We investigated whether targeting of HIF-1 using chetomin, a disrupter of the interaction of HIF-1 with the transcriptional coactivator p300, influences the radiosensitivity of hypoxic HT 1080 human fibrosarcoma cells.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Optimal dose of chetomin was determined by EGFP-HRE gene reporter assay in stably transfected HT 1080 cells. Cells were assayed for expression of the hypoxia-inducible genes carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by RT-PCR and for clonogenic survival after irradiation with 2, 5 or 10 Gy, under normoxic or hypoxic (0.1% O<sub>2</sub>, 12 h) conditions in the presence or absence of chetomin (150 nM, 12 h, pre-treatment of 4 h).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Chetomin treatment significantly reduced CA9 and VEGF mRNA expression in hypoxic cells to 44.4 ± 7.2% and 39.6 ± 16.0%, respectively, of untreated hypoxic controls. Chetomin clearly reduced the modified oxygen enhancement ratio (OER') compared to untreated cells, from 2.02 to 1.27, from 1.86 to 1.22 and from 1.49 to 1.06 at the 50%, 37% and 10% clonogenic survival levels, respectively.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>HIF-1 inhibition by chetomin effectively reduces hypoxia-dependent transcription and radiosensitizes hypoxic HT 1080 human fibrosarcoma cells <it>in vitro</it>.</p
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